Carnian deposits within the Bulkur anticline are characterized as "hurricane-like" diamondiferous. Among crystals typical for kimberlite pipes there are diamonds of V–VII varieties of unknown genesis. According to earlier researches a distinctive feature of this diamond variety is a light carbon isotope composition (δ1¹³C) ranging from –17 to –25‰ and a high nitrogen content of 1200–2000 ppm. The primary source of these diamonds has not yet been identified. In order to establish genetic relationship between mineral phases on diamond surface and host deposits, this paper presents the results of a comprehensive mineralogical study of variety VII diamonds (according to Yu.L. Orlov's classification) from Carnian (Upper Triassic) deposits of the Bulkur anticline. A set of analytical methods were used to identify chlorite (presumably chamosite), illite, and nontronite that fill cracks and form crusts on the surface of polycrystalline diamond aggregates. It was established that chamosite presented as ingrowths and foliate-flaky aggregates in cracks, while illite and nontronite form thin fine-flaky crust (less than 20 μ). This mineral assemblage is characteristic of low-temperature hydrothermal alteration and diagenesis of volcano-sedimentary strata in a marine environment. Raman spectra revealed apatite in a fragment of a crushed diamond polycrystal. Apatite formation is associated with hypergene alteration of primary host rocks prior to their transformation by hydrothermal processes in shallow marine environments. The results obtained complement the understanding of diamonds postgenetic changes from placer deposits in the north of the Siberian Platform and can be used to reconstruct conditions of formation of Carnian diamond-bearing deposits.

The Lukoshkinskoye ceramic clay deposit (Lipetsk region) consists of three isolated areas. The main focus of this study was the South-West area, but individual samples were also taken in the South-East area. Previous researchers have attributed the clays of the productive layer at this deposit to the Aptian stage of the lower part of the Cretaceous system, and the overlying loams to the Neopleistocene [1]. A comprehensive study was conducted: the mineral and chemical composition of the productive clay layer, as well as overburden loams rocks, were studied. The possibility of enriching all varieties using a disintegrator was separately considered. The quality of the raw materials largely depends on the kaolinite content (directly influencing the refractoriness and the sintering corridor for facade bricks), as well as the amount of harmful impurities: coloring (iron, titanium), and those affecting the melting point (phosphorus). Layers 1 and 2 contain significant amounts of kaolinite (up to 20%) and quartz (up to 60%). For Layers 1 and 2, the disintegration method proved effective: the kaolinite content increased to 70%, and the iron content in the samples was reduced by more than half. The loams of the overburden that are stored in a waste heap have a more complex composition: the kaolinite content does not exceed 12% and almost the same amount of chlorite, micas, and smectite. The enrichment method led to a sharp increase in the smectite content to 46%, necessitating further research into the potential uses of the rocks that are currently stored in stockpiles.

Providing the population with high-quality drinking and household water supply is an important state task and determines the socio-economic well-being of the country. Currently, the need for additional water resources is being experienced by the settlements of Central Yakutia. Therefore, it is becoming urgent to search for and use underground sources for uninterrupted supply of water to settlements.

This article discusses the results of geophysical studies using the transient electromagnetic field sounding in the search for groundwater in Central Yakutia in the cryolithozone. The reasons for the use of inductive pulse electrical exploration in cryolithozone conditions are given. The object of study was the locally aquiferous cryogenic-talic Quaternary-Upper Jurassic terrigenous aquifer complex (Q-J3), distributed under the beds of the Lena River and its largest tributaries within the subsurface talics. The geophysical studies were carried out within the Machchia group of lakes located on the territory of the Megino-Kangalassky district of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

The transient electromagnetic field sounding is performed in profile mode in the coaxial "Q-q" version. Geoelectric sections were constructed based on the results of electrical exploration. It was established that the section of the studied area has the same type of geoelectric structure. The sections have a pronounced horizontally layered character and consist of alternating electrical anomalous layers with different values of apparent longitudinal conductivity. Based on the results of the processing and interpretation of the electrical exploration work, the NBT-1 test well was drilled to obtain more detailed information about the geological structure of the studied area. A comparison of drilling and electrical exploration data showed high convergence. An analysis of the geophysical data showed that the water-saturated horizons within the studied area are distinguished by reduced values of apparent longitudinal conductivity.

In the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure and the need for objective environmental monitoring, spatial assessment of ecological vulnerability that takes into account natural and technogenic factors has become an important scientific task. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological vulnerability of the Akhangaran River Basin (Uzbekistan) using a comprehensive geographic information system approach. The materials used included multitemporal Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellite imagery from 2022 to 2025, cadastral land-use data, the Copernicus GLO-30 Digital Elevation Model, and OpenLandMap soil bulk density data. Data processing was carried out in Google Earth Engine, including the derivation of spectral indices such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, Normalised Difference Drought Index, Normalised Difference Built-up Index, Bare Soil Index, Land Surface Temperature, and Clay Mineral Ratio. Based on the normalised parameters, an integrated Ecological Vulnerability Index was developed using a correlation-weighted scheme that accounts for indicator multicollinearity. Results showed that 59.6% of the basin area falls within zones of high vulnerability. A clear spatial differentiation was identified: while mountainous forest areas retain relative ecological resilience, agricultural, industrial, and residential zones are characterised by elevated environmental stress, soil compaction, and pronounced thermal anomalies. The practical significance of this research lies in the potential application of its findings to state environmental and land monitoring, as well as in the identification of priority areas for environmental management. Future research may focus on  improving the indicator set and adapting the proposed methodology to other river basins and natural-technogenic geosystems in Uzbekistan.

In rural settlements of Yakutia; the problem of drinking water quality is acute due to the degradation of lakes. To solve this problem; water pipelines from the Lena River have been built. The article evaluates the water quality along the Lena–Tuora-Kuel water pipeline built in 2001. It provides water to three villages (more than 57 thousand people) with 130 km of the water pipeline and 26 km of the canal. The source of the water is the Lena River; the intake is located above Nizhny Bestyakh. The water is supplied with a flow rate of 120 days; which is less than 10% of the minimum flow rate of the Lena River. 

The aim of the work was to study the influence of the Lena–Tuora-Kuel water pipeline on the water quality in lakes and in reservoir lakes located along its route.

In the course of the work; an analysis of the hydrochemical composition of the waters of various reservoirs located along the route of the main water pipeline was carried out. In most lakes; the maximum permissible concentration of trace elements was recorded; which negatively affects water quality. Exceedances in total hardness; magnesium; phosphates; silicon; iron; ammonium nitrogen and nitrates were revealed. Especially noticeable are significant exceedances in phenols (9.6 times); ammonium nitrogen and iron (10 times); nitrites (50 times); phosphates (1.8 times); pH (1.1 times) and total hardness (1.3 times). From 2002 to 2017; there was a noticeable increase in the mineralization of lake waters (from 1.3 to 3.1). The main factor influencing the mineralization and chemical composition of water in the reservoirs of the Lena-Amga interfluve is anthropogenic impact.